Now that I've posted the content to my PHP script, how do I get it?

You will die 1because PHP is echoing the value of ($_POST['alname'])( true);

$someVar = 'test';
$someBool = false;

$a = ($someVar) || die();
echo $a; // 1
var_dump($a); //bool(true)

$a = ($someBool) || die(); // dies

In a language like JavaScript, you might expect different behavior:

// In JS
var someVal = false;
var somethingElse = someVal || "fallback";
console.log(somethingElse); // "fallback"

However, in PHP, the entire expression is evaluated, so

// In PHP
$someVal = false;
$somethingElse = $someVal || "fallback";
echo $somethingElse; // 1

$someVal || "fallback"evaluates to true because PHP boils it down to(false || true) => true

@jacouh is wrong because it's unpredictable 1, but completely true that you should check the variable some other way, like a ternary or similar, e.g.

if(!isset($_POST['alame']))
    die("Noting was posted");

// Continue and do something with $_POST['alame'];