JavaFx8 VBox Center Image

untie

Set the viewport on the image instead of the clip.

imageView.setViewport(
     new Rectangle2D(500, 320, 420, 300)
);

sample

Here is a sample. It won't do exactly what you want because I can't quite understand what you're trying to do, even with the linked image in your question. But I think it should give you enough background to learn to do what you want.

The example creates an image view as a graph in a scroll pane. The image view applies the viewport to the image and scales the viewport with the preserved ratio. This allows zoomed portions of larger images to be displayed. Kind of like a thumbnail clip (click a thumbnail to show the full image).

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.effect.*;
import javafx.scene.image.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.text.*;
import javafx.stage.*;

// display a captioned image in a viewport.
// click the image to get an expanded view.
public class LabelWithImage extends Application {
    private static final double IMAGE_WIDTH = 150;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Image image = new Image(IMAGE_LOC);
        ImageView imageView = new ImageView(
                image
        );
        imageView.setViewport(
                new Rectangle2D(500, 320, 420, 300)
        );
        imageView.setFitWidth(IMAGE_WIDTH);
        imageView.setPreserveRatio(true);

        Label labeledImage = createCaptionedImage(
                imageView,
                "Village Home"
        );

        addGlowOnMouseOver(labeledImage);
        labeledImage.setOnMouseClicked(event -> {
            displayFullImage(stage, image);
        });

        VBox vbox = new VBox( // vbox just there to mimic question askers structure.
                labeledImage
        );
        vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10));

        ScrollPane scrollPane = makeScrollable(vbox);

        Scene scene = new Scene(
                scrollPane
        );

        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();

        stage.setMaxWidth(stage.getWidth());
        stage.setMaxHeight(stage.getHeight());
    }

    private void displayFullImage(Stage stage, Image image) {
        Stage displayStage = new Stage();

        displayStage.initStyle(StageStyle.UTILITY);
        displayStage.initModality(Modality.APPLICATION_MODAL);
        displayStage.initOwner(stage);
        displayStage.setScene(
                new Scene(
                        new Group(
                                new ImageView(
                                        image
                                )
                        )
                )
        );
        displayStage.show();
    }

    private void addGlowOnMouseOver(Node node) {
        Glow glow = new Glow();
        DropShadow shadow = new DropShadow(20, Color.GOLD);
        glow.setInput(shadow);

        node.setOnMousePressed(event -> node.setEffect(null));
        node.setOnMouseEntered(event -> node.setEffect(glow));
        node.setOnMouseExited(event -> node.setEffect(null));
    }

    private ScrollPane makeScrollable(Node node) {
        ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane(node);

        scrollPane.setHbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);
        scrollPane.setVbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);
        scrollPane.setPannable(true);

        return scrollPane;
    }

    private Label createCaptionedImage(ImageView imageView, String caption) {
        Label labeledImage = new Label(caption);

        labeledImage.setFont(Font.font("Athelas", FontPosture.ITALIC, 20));
        labeledImage.setStyle("-fx-background-color: cornsilk");
        labeledImage.setPadding(new Insets(0, 0, 5, 0));
        labeledImage.setGraphic(
                imageView
        );
        labeledImage.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.TOP);

        return labeledImage;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    private static final String IMAGE_LOC =
            "http://www.imgion.com/images/01/beautiful-village-home.jpg";
            // image courtesy of http://www.imgion.com which provides
            // "free images on large topics to share with your friends and on your blogs."
}