How to sync files from a Docker container back to its host?

Maybe I'm complicating this.

My goal is to create a Docker based workflow for Node.js application development on Windows.

1. During development I will be able to run my app locally inside the container and still easily see the latest version (I don't want to rebuild the image every time to see the latest version).

2. On the other hand, when I deploy to production, I want to "bake" the source files with all the dependencies into the container image ( npm install)

So I created two Vagrantfiles - one for the container and one for its host. Here's an excerpt from the latter:

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  config.vm.provider "docker" do |docker|
    docker.vagrant_vagrantfile = "host/Vagrantfile"  # it references the host Vagrantfile
    docker.build_dir = "."  # we have a Dockerfile in the same dir
    docker.create_args = ['--volume="/usr/src/host:/usr/src/appcontainer:rw"']
  end
end

/usr/src/hostis a directory (without node_modules) containing all my source code. During the build Dockerfile, Docker will copy package.jsonto /usr/src/appcontainerand issue npm install, which is fine for my second requirement (deploy to production)

But my first requirement is to change the source code during development, so I mount it /usr/src/appcontaineras a volume pointing to the host directory /usr/src/host. However, this doesn't work because /usr/src/hostthere is no node_modulesfolder - the folder only exists in the container.

The whole problem seems simple - changing a file under Windows, it's visible in the Linux host VM as well as in its container, and vice versa... but I'm kind of stuck.

What is the best practice to achieve this synchronous behavior?